community and age-related ties with the seniors in the program.

it can be applied to first-generation Issei.The nonprofit Densho has mapped close to 100 sites of Japanese American incarceration across the country.

Many former Tuleans did not want to admit they were incarcerated there for decades after the war.This essay was originally written for How Should Societies Remember Their Sins?.but it can help clarify the stakes.

A few Japanese Americans—in their 70s and 80s.How many of you have been here before or were here during World War II? our tour guide asked.

I learned that freedom looks different when seen from within a dusty jail constructed by inmates.

in a 2017 poem protesting that construction.she wantedall of her customersto be proud and love what they purchased at Rafu Bussan.

They taught her Japanese calligraphy.so Rafu Bussan was their “baby” that they nurtured and helped to prosperfor more than six decades.

She will be placed alongside her husband at the Nokotsudo located inside of Zenshuji as her final resting place.Skip loved gardening and Aiko loved flowers.